Thermodynamics Calculator

Calculate heat transfer, work, efficiency, and other thermodynamic properties

Heat Transfer

Work Done

Efficiency

Ideal Gas Law

Heat Transfer Calculator

Mass

Kilograms (kg)

Grams (g)

Pounds (lb)

Specific Heat Capacity

J/(kg·K)

J/(g·K)

cal/(g·K)

Temperature Change

Kelvin (K)

Celsius (°C)

Fahrenheit (°F)

Temperature Visualization

Calculated Heat Transfer

41,840 J

Q = m × c × ΔT = 1 kg × 4184 J/(kg·K) × 10 K = 41,840 J

In different units:

Joules (J): 41,840
Kilojoules (kJ): 41.84
Calories (cal): 10,000
Kilocalories (kcal): 10
BTU: 39.66

Energy Unit Comparison

Temperature vs Heat Relationship

Practical Applications

This amount of heat energy could raise the temperature of 1 kg of water by 10°C. It's equivalent to the energy released by burning approximately 1 gram of gasoline.

🔥 Understanding Thermodynamics

Thermodynamics is the branch of physics that deals with the relationships between heat and other forms of energy. It describes how thermal energy is converted to and from other forms of energy and how it affects matter.

📊 Key Thermodynamic Concepts

Fundamental principles of thermodynamics:

Zeroth Law: If two systems are in thermal equilibrium with a third, they are in equilibrium with each other
First Law: Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only converted (ΔU = Q - W)
Second Law: The entropy of an isolated system never decreases
Third Law: As temperature approaches absolute zero, the entropy approaches a minimum value

🔧 Heat Transfer Mechanisms

Heat can be transferred through three primary mechanisms:

Conduction: Direct transfer through physical contact
Convection: Transfer through fluid movement
Radiation: Transfer through electromagnetic waves

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the formula for heat transfer? The basic formula is Q = m × c × ΔT, where Q is heat energy, m is mass, c is specific heat capacity, and ΔT is temperature change.

What's the difference between heat and temperature? Temperature measures the average kinetic energy of molecules, while heat is the transfer of thermal energy between systems due to temperature difference.

What are common applications of thermodynamics? Thermodynamics principles are used in engines, refrigerators, power plants, HVAC systems, and chemical processes.

Why is the second law of thermodynamics important? The second law explains why heat flows from hot to cold objects and why no engine can be 100% efficient, defining the arrow of time and the concept of entropy.